🐛 fix middleware and add form handling

example.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from spiderweb.response import HttpResponse, JsonResponse, TemplateResponse, Red
 app = WebServer(
     templates_dirs=["templates"],
     middleware=[
+        "spiderweb.middleware.csrf.CSRFMiddleware",
         "example_middleware.TestMiddleware",
         "example_middleware.RedirectMiddleware",
         "example_middleware.ExplodingMiddleware",
@@ -46,6 +47,19 @@ def example(request, id):
     return HttpResponse(body=f"Example with id {id}")
 
 
+@app.error(405)
+def http405(request) -> HttpResponse:
+    return HttpResponse(body="Method not allowed", status_code=405)
+
+
+@app.route("/form", allowed_methods=["POST"])
+def form(request):
+    if request.method == "POST":
+        return JsonResponse(data=request.POST)
+    else:
+        return TemplateResponse(request, "form.html")
+
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     # can also add routes like this:
     # app.add_route("/", index)

example_middleware.py

@@ -5,20 +5,20 @@ from spiderweb.response import HttpResponse, RedirectResponse
 
 
 class TestMiddleware(SpiderwebMiddleware):
-    def process_request(self, request: Request) -> HttpResponse | None:
+    def process_request(self, request: Request) -> None:
         # example of a middleware that sets a flag on the request
         request.spiderweb = True
 
     def process_response(
         self, request: Request, response: HttpResponse
-    ) -> HttpResponse | None:
+    ) -> None:
         # example of a middleware that sets a header on the resp
         if hasattr(request, "spiderweb"):
             response.headers["X-Spiderweb"] = "true"
 
 
 class RedirectMiddleware(SpiderwebMiddleware):
-    def process_request(self, request: Request) -> HttpResponse | None:
+    def process_request(self, request: Request) -> HttpResponse:
         if request.path == "/middleware":
             return RedirectResponse("/")
 

poetry.lock

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# This file is automatically @generated by Poetry 1.6.1 and should not be changed by hand.
+# This file is automatically @generated by Poetry 1.8.3 and should not be changed by hand.
 
 [[package]]
 name = "black"
@@ -44,6 +44,85 @@ d = ["aiohttp (>=3.7.4)", "aiohttp (>=3.7.4,!=3.9.0)"]
 jupyter = ["ipython (>=7.8.0)", "tokenize-rt (>=3.2.0)"]
 uvloop = ["uvloop (>=0.15.2)"]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "cffi"
+version = "1.17.0"
+description = "Foreign Function Interface for Python calling C code."
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
+files = [
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+    {file = "cffi-1.17.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:f3157624b7558b914cb039fd1af735e5e8049a87c817cc215109ad1c8779df76"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+pycparser = "*"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "click"
 version = "8.1.7"
@@ -69,6 +148,55 @@ files = [
     {file = "colorama-0.4.6.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:08695f5cb7ed6e0531a20572697297273c47b8cae5a63ffc6d6ed5c201be6e44"},
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "cryptography"
+version = "43.0.0"
+description = "cryptography is a package which provides cryptographic recipes and primitives to Python developers."
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.7"
+files = [
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+    {file = "cryptography-43.0.0-cp39-abi3-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:299d3da8e00b7e2b54bb02ef58d73cd5f55fb31f33ebbf33bd00d9aa6807df7e"},
+    {file = "cryptography-43.0.0-cp39-abi3-manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:ee0c405832ade84d4de74b9029bedb7b31200600fa524d218fc29bfa371e97f5"},
+    {file = "cryptography-43.0.0-cp39-abi3-manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:cb013933d4c127349b3948aa8aaf2f12c0353ad0eccd715ca789c8a0f671646f"},
+    {file = "cryptography-43.0.0-cp39-abi3-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:fdcb265de28585de5b859ae13e3846a8e805268a823a12a4da2597f1f5afc9f0"},
+    {file = "cryptography-43.0.0-cp39-abi3-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:2905ccf93a8a2a416f3ec01b1a7911c3fe4073ef35640e7ee5296754e30b762b"},
+    {file = "cryptography-43.0.0-cp39-abi3-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:47ca71115e545954e6c1d207dd13461ab81f4eccfcb1345eac874828b5e3eaaf"},
+    {file = "cryptography-43.0.0-cp39-abi3-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:0663585d02f76929792470451a5ba64424acc3cd5227b03921dab0e2f27b1709"},
+    {file = "cryptography-43.0.0-pp310-pypy310_pp73-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:2c6d112bf61c5ef44042c253e4859b3cbbb50df2f78fa8fae6747a7814484a70"},
+    {file = "cryptography-43.0.0-pp310-pypy310_pp73-manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:844b6d608374e7d08f4f6e6f9f7b951f9256db41421917dfb2d003dde4cd6b66"},
+    {file = "cryptography-43.0.0-pp310-pypy310_pp73-manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:51956cf8730665e2bdf8ddb8da0056f699c1a5715648c1b0144670c1ba00b48f"},
+    {file = "cryptography-43.0.0-pp310-pypy310_pp73-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:aae4d918f6b180a8ab8bf6511a419473d107df4dbb4225c7b48c5c9602c38c7f"},
+    {file = "cryptography-43.0.0-pp39-pypy39_pp73-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:232ce02943a579095a339ac4b390fbbe97f5b5d5d107f8a08260ea2768be8cc2"},
+    {file = "cryptography-43.0.0-pp39-pypy39_pp73-manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:5bcb8a5620008a8034d39bce21dc3e23735dfdb6a33a06974739bfa04f853947"},
+    {file = "cryptography-43.0.0-pp39-pypy39_pp73-manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:08a24a7070b2b6804c1940ff0f910ff728932a9d0e80e7814234269f9d46d069"},
+    {file = "cryptography-43.0.0-pp39-pypy39_pp73-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:e9c5266c432a1e23738d178e51c2c7a5e2ddf790f248be939448c0ba2021f9d1"},
+    {file = "cryptography-43.0.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:b88075ada2d51aa9f18283532c9f60e72170041bba88d7f37e49cbb10275299e"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+cffi = {version = ">=1.12", markers = "platform_python_implementation != \"PyPy\""}
+
+[package.extras]
+docs = ["sphinx (>=5.3.0)", "sphinx-rtd-theme (>=1.1.1)"]
+docstest = ["pyenchant (>=1.6.11)", "readme-renderer", "sphinxcontrib-spelling (>=4.0.1)"]
+nox = ["nox"]
+pep8test = ["check-sdist", "click", "mypy", "ruff"]
+sdist = ["build"]
+ssh = ["bcrypt (>=3.1.5)"]
+test = ["certifi", "cryptography-vectors (==43.0.0)", "pretend", "pytest (>=6.2.0)", "pytest-benchmark", "pytest-cov", "pytest-xdist"]
+test-randomorder = ["pytest-randomly"]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "iniconfig"
 version = "2.0.0"
@@ -240,6 +368,17 @@ files = [
 dev = ["pre-commit", "tox"]
 testing = ["pytest", "pytest-benchmark"]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "pycparser"
+version = "2.22"
+description = "C parser in Python"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
+files = [
+    {file = "pycparser-2.22-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:c3702b6d3dd8c7abc1afa565d7e63d53a1d0bd86cdc24edd75470f4de499cfcc"},
+    {file = "pycparser-2.22.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:491c8be9c040f5390f5bf44a5b07752bd07f56edf992381b05c701439eec10f6"},
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "pytest"
 version = "8.3.2"
@@ -290,4 +429,4 @@ files = [
 [metadata]
 lock-version = "2.0"
 python-versions = "^3.11"
-content-hash = "f7533dcd984fcec36a80d3523af159bc6ebe71edb3c315d8bfd01690d910fb76"
+content-hash = "96cb529cc8a301c9ac0920582fb7ccb26bc789b0c5ccbc4135fc2d8d6936bb75"

pyproject.toml

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ readme = "README.md"
 python = "^3.11"
 peewee = "^3.17.6"
 jinja2 = "^3.1.4"
+cryptography = "^43.0.0"
 
 [tool.poetry.group.dev.dependencies]
 ruff = "^0.5.5"

spiderweb/__init__.py

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 from spiderweb.main import route, WebServer  # noqa: F401
+from spiderweb.middleware import *  # noqa: F401, F403

spiderweb/default_responses.py

@@ -11,5 +11,9 @@ def http404(request):
     )
 
 
+def http405(request):
+    return JsonResponse(data={"error": "Method not allowed"}, status_code=405)
+
+
 def http500(request):
     return JsonResponse(data={"error": "Internal server error"}, status_code=500)

spiderweb/exceptions.py

@@ -52,6 +52,14 @@ class ServerError(SpiderwebNetworkException):
         self.desc = desc if desc else "The server has encountered an error"
 
 
+class CSRFError(SpiderwebNetworkException):
+    def __init__(self, desc=None):
+        self.code = 403
+        self.msg = "Forbidden"
+        self.desc = desc if desc else "CSRF token is invalid"
+
+
+
 class ConfigError(SpiderwebException):
     pass
 

spiderweb/main.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # https://gist.github.com/earonesty/ab07b4c0fea2c226e75b3d538cc0dc55
 #
 # Extensively modified by @itsthejoker
-import json
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta
 import re
 import signal
 import time
@@ -13,10 +13,11 @@ import threading
 import logging
 from typing import Callable, Any, NoReturn
 
+from cryptography.fernet import Fernet
 from jinja2 import Environment, FileSystemLoader
 
 from spiderweb.converters import *  # noqa: F403
-from spiderweb.default_responses import http403, http404, http500  # noqa: F401
+from spiderweb.default_responses import *  # noqa: F403
 from spiderweb.exceptions import (
     APIError,
     ConfigError,
@@ -32,6 +33,9 @@ from spiderweb.utils import import_by_string
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
 
+DEFAULT_ALLOWED_METHODS = ["GET"]
+DEFAULT_ENCODING = "utf-8"
+
 
 def route(path):
     def outer(func):
@@ -68,6 +72,7 @@ class WebServer(HTTPServer):
         templates_dirs: list[str] = None,
         middleware: list[str] = None,
         append_slash: bool = False,
+        secret_key: str = None,
     ):
         """
         Create a new server on address, port. Port can be zero.
@@ -83,13 +88,17 @@ class WebServer(HTTPServer):
         self.append_slash = append_slash
         self.templates_dirs = templates_dirs
         self.middleware = middleware if middleware else []
+        self.secret_key = secret_key if secret_key else self._create_secret_key()
+        self.fernet = Fernet(self.key)
+        self.DEFAULT_ENCODING = DEFAULT_ENCODING
+        self.DEFAULT_ALLOWED_METHODS = DEFAULT_ALLOWED_METHODS
         self._thread = None
 
         if self.middleware:
             middleware_by_reference = []
             for m in self.middleware:
                 try:
-                    middleware_by_reference.append(import_by_string(m)())
+                    middleware_by_reference.append(import_by_string(m)(server=self))
                 except ImportError:
                     raise ConfigError(f"Middleware '{m}' not found.")
             self.middleware = middleware_by_reference
@@ -105,11 +114,8 @@ class WebServer(HTTPServer):
         class HandlerClass(RequestHandler):
             pass
 
-        # inject template loader, middleware, and other important things into handler
         self.handler_class = custom_handler if custom_handler else HandlerClass
-        self.handler_class.env = self.env
+        self.handler_class.server = self
-        self.handler_class.middleware = self.middleware
-        self.handler_class.append_slash = self.append_slash
 
         # routed methods map into handler
         for method in type(self).__dict__.values():
@@ -148,22 +154,32 @@ class WebServer(HTTPServer):
         if self.convert_path(path) in self.handler_class._routes:
             raise ConfigError(f"Route '{path}' already exists.")
 
-    def add_route(self, path: str, method: Callable):
+    def add_route(self, path: str, method: Callable, allowed_methods: list[str]):
         """Add a route to the server."""
         if not hasattr(self.handler_class, "_routes"):
-            setattr(self.handler_class, "_routes", [])
+            setattr(self.handler_class, "_routes", {})
 
         if self.append_slash and not path.endswith("/"):
             updated_path = path + "/"
             self.check_for_route_duplicates(updated_path)
             self.check_for_route_duplicates(path)
-            self.handler_class._routes[self.convert_path(path)] = DummyRedirectRoute(updated_path)
+            self.handler_class._routes[self.convert_path(path)] = {'func': DummyRedirectRoute(updated_path), 'allowed_methods': allowed_methods}
-            self.handler_class._routes[self.convert_path(updated_path)] = method
+            self.handler_class._routes[self.convert_path(updated_path)] = {'func': method, 'allowed_methods': allowed_methods}
         else:
             self.check_for_route_duplicates(path)
-            self.handler_class._routes[self.convert_path(path)] = method
+            self.handler_class._routes[self.convert_path(path)] = {'func': method, 'allowed_methods': allowed_methods}
 
-    def route(self, path) -> Callable:
+    def add_error_route(self, code: int, method: Callable):
+        """Add an error route to the server."""
+        if not hasattr(self.handler_class, "_error_routes"):
+            setattr(self.handler_class, "_error_routes", {})
+
+        if code not in self.handler_class._error_routes:
+            self.handler_class._error_routes[code] = method
+        else:
+            raise ConfigError(f"Error route for code {code} already exists.")
+
+    def route(self, path, allowed_methods=None) -> Callable:
         """
         Decorator for adding a route to a view.
 
@@ -176,15 +192,26 @@ class WebServer(HTTPServer):
             return HttpResponse(content="Hello, world!")
 
         :param path: str
+        :param allowed_methods: list[str]
         :return: Callable
         """
 
         def outer(func):
-            self.add_route(path, func)
+            self.add_route(
+                path,
+                func,
+                allowed_methods if allowed_methods else DEFAULT_ALLOWED_METHODS
+            )
             return func
 
         return outer
 
+    def error(self, code: int) -> Callable:
+        def outer(func):
+            self.add_error_route(code, func)
+            return func
+        return outer
+
     @property
     def port(self):
         """Return current port."""
@@ -225,15 +252,25 @@ class WebServer(HTTPServer):
         super().shutdown()
         self.socket.close()
 
+    def _create_secret_key(self):
+        self.key = Fernet.generate_key()
+
+    def encrypt(self, data: str):
+        return self.fernet.encrypt(bytes(data, DEFAULT_ENCODING))
+
+    def decrypt(self, data: str):
+        if isinstance(data, bytes):
+            return self.fernet.decrypt(data).decode(DEFAULT_ENCODING)
+        return self.fernet.decrypt(bytes(data, DEFAULT_ENCODING)).decode(DEFAULT_ENCODING)
 
 class RequestHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
-    # I can't help the naming convention of these because that's what
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-    # BaseHTTPRequestHandler uses for some weird reason
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
-
         # These stop pycharm from complaining about these not existing. They're
         # injected by the WebServer class at runtime
-    _routes = {}
+        self._routes = {}
-    middleware = []
+        self._error_routes = {}
+        self.server = None
 
     def get_request(self):
         return Request(
@@ -244,8 +281,11 @@ class RequestHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
             path=self.path,
         )
 
+    # I can't help the naming convention of these because that's what
+    # BaseHTTPRequestHandler uses for some weird reason
     def do_GET(self):
         request = self.get_request()
+        request.method = "GET"
         self.handle_request(request)
 
     def do_POST(self):
@@ -254,28 +294,23 @@ class RequestHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
             length = int(self.headers["Content-Length"])
             content = self.rfile.read(length)
         request = self.get_request()
+        request.method = "POST"
         request.content = content
-        if content:
-            try:
-                request.json()
-            except json.JSONDecodeError:
-                raise APIError(400, "Invalid JSON", content)
         self.handle_request(request)
 
-    def get_route(self, path) -> tuple[Callable, dict[str, Any]]:
+    def get_route(self, path) -> tuple[Callable, dict[str, Any], list[str]]:
         for option in self._routes.keys():
             if match_data := option.match(path):
-                return self._routes[option], convert_match_to_dict(
+                return self._routes[option]['func'], convert_match_to_dict(
                     match_data.groupdict()
-                )
+                ), self._routes[option]['allowed_methods']
         raise NotFound()
 
     def get_error_route(self, code: int) -> Callable:
-        try:
+        view = self._error_routes.get(code) or globals().get(f"http{code}")
-            view = globals()[f"http{code}"]
+        if not view:
-            return view
-        except KeyError:
             return http500
+        return view
 
     def _fire_response(self, resp: HttpResponse):
         self.send_response(resp.status_code)
@@ -285,7 +320,7 @@ class RequestHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
             for key, value in resp.headers.items():
                 self.send_header(key, value)
         self.end_headers()
-        self.wfile.write(bytes(content, "utf-8"))
+        self.wfile.write(bytes(content, DEFAULT_ENCODING))
 
     def fire_response(self, request: Request, resp: HttpResponse):
         try:
@@ -299,11 +334,11 @@ class RequestHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
             self.fire_response(request, self.get_error_route(500)(request))
 
     def process_request_middleware(self, request: Request) -> None | bool:
-        for middleware in self.middleware:
+        for middleware in self.server.middleware:
             try:
                 resp = middleware.process_request(request)
             except UnusedMiddleware:
-                self.middleware.remove(middleware)
+                self.server.middleware.remove(middleware)
                 continue
             if resp:
                 self.process_response_middleware(request, resp)
@@ -311,11 +346,11 @@ class RequestHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
                 return True  # abort further processing
 
     def process_response_middleware(self, request: Request, response: HttpResponse) -> None:
-        for middleware in self.middleware:
+        for middleware in self.server.middleware:
             try:
                 middleware.process_response(request, response)
             except UnusedMiddleware:
-                self.middleware.remove(middleware)
+                self.server.middleware.remove(middleware)
                 continue
 
     def prepare_and_fire_response(self, request, resp) -> None:
@@ -323,10 +358,10 @@ class RequestHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
             if isinstance(resp, dict):
                 self.fire_response(request, JsonResponse(data=resp))
             if isinstance(resp, TemplateResponse):
-                if hasattr(self, "env"):  # injected from above
+                if hasattr(self.server, "env"):
-                    resp.set_template_loader(self.env)
+                    resp.set_template_loader(self.server.env)
 
-            for middleware in self.middleware:
+            for middleware in self.server.middleware:
                 middleware.process_response(request, resp)
 
             self.fire_response(request, resp)
@@ -338,6 +373,9 @@ class RequestHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
             log.error(traceback.format_exc())
             self.fire_response(request, self.get_error_route(500)(request))
 
+    def is_form_request(self, request: Request) -> bool:
+        return "Content-Type" in request.headers and request.headers["Content-Type"] == "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
+
     def send_error_response(self, request: Request, e: SpiderwebNetworkException):
         try:
             self.send_error(e.code, e.msg, e.desc)
@@ -349,17 +387,25 @@ class RequestHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
         request.url = urlparse.urlparse(request.path)
 
         try:
-            handler, additional_args = self.get_route(request.url.path)
+            handler, additional_args, allowed_methods = self.get_route(request.url.path)
         except NotFound:
             handler = self.get_error_route(404)
             additional_args = {}
+            allowed_methods = DEFAULT_ALLOWED_METHODS
 
-        if request.url.query:
+        if request.method not in allowed_methods:
-            params = urlparse.parse_qs(request.url.query)
+            # replace the potentially valid handler with the error route
-        else:
+            handler = self.get_error_route(405)
-            params = {}
+
+        request.query_params = urlparse.parse_qs(request.url.query) if request.url.query else {}
+
+        if self.is_form_request(request):
+            formdata = urlparse.parse_qs(request.content.decode("utf-8"))
+            for key, value in formdata.items():
+                if len(value) == 1:
+                    formdata[key] = value[0]
+            setattr(request, request.method, formdata)
 
-        request.query_params = params
         try:
             if handler:
                 # middleware is injected from WebServer

spiderweb/middleware/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+from .base import SpiderwebMiddleware
+from .csrf import CSRFMiddleware

spiderweb/middleware/base.py

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ class SpiderwebMiddleware:
     If `process_request` returns a HttpResponse, the request will be short-circuited
     and the response will be returned immediately. `process_response` will not be called.
     """
+    def __init__(self, server):
+        self.server = server
 
     def process_request(self, request: Request) -> HttpResponse | None:
         pass

spiderweb/middleware/csrf.py

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta
+
+from spiderweb.exceptions import CSRFError
+from spiderweb.middleware import SpiderwebMiddleware
+from spiderweb.request import Request
+from spiderweb.response import HttpResponse
+
+
+class CSRFMiddleware(SpiderwebMiddleware):
+    CSRF_EXPIRY = 60 * 60  # 1 hour
+
+    def process_request(self, request: Request) -> HttpResponse | None:
+        if request.method == "POST":
+            csrf_token = request.headers.get("X-CSRF-TOKEN") or request.GET.get("csrf_token") or request.POST.get("csrf_token")
+            if self.is_csrf_valid(csrf_token):
+                return None
+            else:
+                raise CSRFError()
+        return None
+
+    def process_response(self, request: Request, response: HttpResponse) -> None:
+        token = self.get_csrf_token()
+        # do we need it in both places?
+        response.headers["X-CSRF-TOKEN"] = token
+        request.csrf_token = token
+
+    def get_csrf_token(self):
+        return self.server.encrypt(str(datetime.now().isoformat())).decode(self.server.DEFAULT_ENCODING)
+
+    def is_csrf_valid(self, key):
+        try:
+            decoded = self.server.decrypt(key)
+            if datetime.now() - timedelta(seconds=self.CSRF_EXPIRY) > datetime.fromisoformat(decoded):
+                return False
+            return True
+        except Exception:
+            return False

spiderweb/request.py

@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ class Request:
         self.path: str = path
         self.url = url
         self.query_params = query_params
+        self.GET = {}
+        self.POST = {}
 
     def json(self):
         return json.loads(self.content)

templates/base.html

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<!doctype html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+    <title>Bootstrap demo</title>
+    <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"
+          integrity="sha384-QWTKZyjpPEjISv5WaRU9OFeRpok6YctnYmDr5pNlyT2bRjXh0JMhjY6hW+ALEwIH" crossorigin="anonymous">
+</head>
+<body>
+<div class="container">
+    {% block content %}There's no content here.{% endblock %}
+</div>
+<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"
+        integrity="sha384-YvpcrYf0tY3lHB60NNkmXc5s9fDVZLESaAA55NDzOxhy9GkcIdslK1eN7N6jIeHz"
+        crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
+</body>
+</html>

templates/form.html

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+{% extends 'base.html' %}
+
+{% block content %}
+<form action="" method="post">
+    <div class="mb-3">
+        <label for="exampleFormControlInput1" class="form-label">Email address</label>
+        <input type="email" class="form-control" name="email" id="exampleFormControlInput1" placeholder="name@example.com">
+    </div>
+    <div class="mb-3">
+        <label for="exampleFormControlTextarea1" class="form-label">Example textarea</label>
+        <textarea class="form-control" name="comment" id="exampleFormControlTextarea1" rows="3"></textarea>
+    </div>
+    <div class="mb-3 form-check">
+        <input type="checkbox" name="formcheck" class="form-check-input" id="exampleCheck1">
+        <label class="form-check-label" for="exampleCheck1">Check me out</label>
+    </div>
+    <input type="hidden" name="csrf_token" value="{{ request.csrf_token }}">
+
+    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
+</form>
+{% endblock %}

templates/test.html

@@ -1,14 +1,7 @@
-<!doctype html>
+{% extends 'base.html' %}
-<html lang="en">
+
-<head>
+
-    <meta charset="utf-8">
+{% block content %}
-    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
-    <title>Bootstrap demo</title>
-    <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"
-          integrity="sha384-QWTKZyjpPEjISv5WaRU9OFeRpok6YctnYmDr5pNlyT2bRjXh0JMhjY6hW+ALEwIH" crossorigin="anonymous">
-</head>
-<body>
-<div class="container">
     <h1 class="mt-5">HI, THIS IS A PAGE</h1>
 
     <p>
@@ -19,9 +12,4 @@
         The value of <code>request.spiderweb</code> is {{ request.spiderweb }}. If this is True,
         middleware is working.
     </p>
-</div>
+{% endblock %}
-<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"
-        integrity="sha384-YvpcrYf0tY3lHB60NNkmXc5s9fDVZLESaAA55NDzOxhy9GkcIdslK1eN7N6jIeHz"
-        crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
-</body>
-</html>